Forklift Alternators and Starters

Forklift Starters and Alternators - Today's starter motor is typically a permanent-magnet composition or a series-parallel wound direct current electrical motor along with a starter solenoid mounted on it. Once current from the starting battery is applied to the solenoid, mainly through a key-operated switch, the solenoid engages a lever that pushes out the drive pinion which is positioned on the driveshaft and meshes the pinion with the starter ring gear which is found on the engine flywheel.

The solenoid closes the high-current contacts for the starter motor, that begins to turn. After the engine starts, the key operated switch is opened and a spring within the solenoid assembly pulls the pinion gear away from the ring gear. This action causes the starter motor to stop. The starter's pinion is clutched to its driveshaft by means of an overrunning clutch. This allows the pinion to transmit drive in only one direction. Drive is transmitted in this way through the pinion to the flywheel ring gear. The pinion continuous to be engaged, for example in view of the fact that the operator fails to release the key when the engine starts or if the solenoid remains engaged in view of the fact that there is a short. This actually causes the pinion to spin separately of its driveshaft.

This aforesaid action prevents the engine from driving the starter. This is an important step since this particular kind of back drive will allow the starter to spin very fast that it will fly apart. Unless adjustments were made, the sprag clutch arrangement would prevent utilizing the starter as a generator if it was used in the hybrid scheme discussed earlier. Usually a standard starter motor is designed for intermittent utilization that would preclude it being used as a generator.

The electrical parts are made in order to function for around thirty seconds in order to prevent overheating. Overheating is caused by a slow dissipation of heat is due to ohmic losses. The electrical components are designed to save weight and cost. This is actually the reason most owner's guidebooks used for vehicles suggest the driver to pause for a minimum of ten seconds right after every ten or fifteen seconds of cranking the engine, whenever trying to start an engine which does not turn over instantly.

In the early part of the 1960s, this overrunning-clutch pinion arrangement was phased onto the market. Prior to that time, a Bendix drive was utilized. The Bendix system works by placing the starter drive pinion on a helically cut driveshaft. Once the starter motor begins turning, the inertia of the drive pinion assembly allows it to ride forward on the helix, hence engaging with the ring gear. As soon as the engine starts, the backdrive caused from the ring gear enables the pinion to go beyond the rotating speed of the starter. At this moment, the drive pinion is forced back down the helical shaft and thus out of mesh with the ring gear.

In the 1930s, an intermediate development between the Bendix drive was made. The overrunning-clutch design which was made and introduced during the 1960s was the Bendix Folo-Thru drive. The Folo-Thru drive has a latching mechanism together with a set of flyweights inside the body of the drive unit. This was a lot better since the standard Bendix drive used so as to disengage from the ring as soon as the engine fired, even if it did not stay running.

Once the starter motor is engaged and starts turning, the drive unit is forced forward on the helical shaft by inertia. It then becomes latched into the engaged position. Once the drive unit is spun at a speed higher than what is achieved by the starter motor itself, for instance it is backdriven by the running engine, and afterward the flyweights pull outward in a radial manner. This releases the latch and enables the overdriven drive unit to become spun out of engagement, thus unwanted starter disengagement could be avoided previous to a successful engine start.

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Forklift Parts

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